Mesothelial cell-derived antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts induce expansion of regulatory T cells in pancreatic cancer

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Which gastric cancer patients could benefit from staging laparoscopy? A GIRCG multicenter cohort study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate which gastric cancer patients could benefit the most from staging laparoscopy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out, including 316 (216 cM- and 100 cM+) gastric cancer patients who had undergone staging laparoscopy between 2010 and 2020 in seven GIRCG centers. A model including easily-accessible clinical, biochemical and pathological markers was constructed to predict the risk of carcinomatosis. ROC curve and decision curve analyses were used to verify its accuracy and net benefit.ResultsIn the cM-population staging laparoscopy could detect 67 cases who had peritoneal carcinomatosis or positive cytology, for a yield of 30.5%. In cM-patients, intestinal type tumors (0.25, 0.12–0.51; p = 0.002), cT4 tumors (2.18, 1.11–4.28; p = 0.023) and cancers of the lower third (0.31, 0.14–0.70; p = 0.004) were associated with the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and/or positive cytology. The ROC curve analysis of the model including the three variables showed an AUC of 0.75 (0.68–0.81, p < 0.001). The decision curve analyses showed that the model had a higher net benefit than the treating all strategy between threshold probabilities of 15 and 50%.ConclusionsStaging laparoscopy is a useful tool to address the patient with gastric cancer to the most adequate treatment. In cM-patients the assessment of the location of the tumor, the Lauren's histotype and the cT status may help in providing additional elements in indicating or not the use of staging laparoscopy.     

Pan-cancer proteomic map of 949 human cell lines

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Method’s corner: Allergist’s guide to network meta-analysis

Network meta-analyses (NMAs) simultaneously estimate the effects of multiple possible treatment options for a given clinical presentation. For allergists to benefit optimally from NMAs, they must understand the process and be able to interpret the results. Through a worked example published in Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, we summarize how to identify credible NMAs and interpret them with a focus on recent innovations in the GRADE approach (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). NMAs build on traditional systematic reviews and meta-analyses that consider only direct paired comparisons by including indirect evidence, thus allowing the simultaneous assessment of the relative effect of all pairs of competing alternatives. Our framework informs clinicians of how to identify credible NMAs and address the certainty of the evidence. Trustworthy NMAs fill a critical gap in providing key inferences using direct and indirect evidence to inform clinical decision making when faced with more than two competing courses of treatment options. This document will help allergists to identify trustworthy NMAs to enhance patient care.     

Clinical presentation,management, screening and surveillance for colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic

Management of colorectal cancer (CRC) was severely affected by the changes implemented during the pandemic, and this resulted in delayed elective presentation, increased emergency presentation, reduced screening and delayed definitive therapy. This review was conducted to analyze the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on management of CRC and to identify the changes made in order to adapt to the pandemic. We performed a literature search in PubMed, Medline, Index Medicus, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Reference Citation Analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/) and Google Scholar using the following keywords in various combinations: Colorectal cancer, elective surgery, emergency surgery, stage upgrading, screening, surveillance and the COVID-19 pandemic. Only studies published in English were included. To curtail the spread of COVID-19 infection, there were modifications made in the management of CRC. Screening was limited to high risk individuals, and the screening tests of choice during the pandemic were fecal occult blood test, fecal immunochemical test and stool DNA testing. The use of capsule colonoscopy and open access colonoscopy was also encouraged. Blood-based tests like serum methylated septin 9 were also encouraged for screening of CRC during the pandemic. The presentation of CRC was also affected by the pandemic with more patients presenting with emergencies like obstruction and perforation. Stage migration was also observed during the pandemic with more patients presenting with more advanced tumors. The operative therapy of CRC was altered by the pandemic as more emergencies surgeries were done, which may require exteriorization by stoma. This was to reduce the morbidity associated with anastomosis and encourage early discharge from the hospital. There was also an initial reduction in laparoscopic surgical procedures due to the fear of aerosols and COVID-19 infection. As we gradually come out of the pandemic, we should remember the lessons learned and continue to apply them even after the pandemic passes.     

1 192例乳腺癌患者癌因性疲乏的调查及影响因素分析

目的了解乳腺癌患者癌因性疲乏（cancer-related fatigue， CRF）现状，并分析其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法，向乳腺癌患者发放调查问卷，按照IDC-10诊断标准判断是否存在CRF，根据Piper疲乏量表中文修订版（Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, RPFS）得分评价疲乏程度，调查乳腺癌患者CRF的发生情况，并分析其影响因素。结果1 192例患者完成了全部调查问卷，乳腺癌患者发生CRF为668例（占56.04%）；以轻、中度疲乏为主，分别占23.95%、55.24%，其中感觉维度得分最高。单因素分析结果显示，文化程度、乳腺癌病程、肿瘤分期、化疗周期、疼痛、上肢水肿、白细胞减少、恶心呕吐、贫血、潮热盗汗、失眠与乳腺癌患者CRF的发生有关（P＜0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析显示，乳腺癌肿瘤分期、疼痛、白细胞减少、恶心呕吐、潮热盗汗、失眠是CRF发生的危险因素（P＜0.05），病程是其保护因素（P＜0.05）。CRF认知调查显示，乳腺癌患者对CRF认知度低，医护人员对其宣教度低。结论乳腺癌患者发生CRF较为普遍，以轻、中度疲乏为主；乳腺癌肿瘤分期、疼痛、白细胞减少、恶心呕吐、潮热盗汗、失眠是影响患者CRF的危险因素；乳腺癌患者对CRF认知度低。